课文复述须“授人以渔” 复述课文

   复述课文是指学生在理解课文内容及其结构联系的基础上,对课文进行加工和整理后,能动地使用某种记忆策略和方法,口头表达课文内容的言语过程。复述课文使学生们掌握了课文新学的词汇和习语,同时又调动了他们原有的语言知识,对新旧语言材料的融合和再创造又提高了他们的言语能力,促进了口语能力的形成,从而为交际能力的培养奠定了基础。毋庸置疑,课文复述是提高英语课堂教学有效性的重要环节。在教学实践中引导学生复述课文,我常用的方法有以下几种:
   一、提问法
   在学习线索不清楚,或文章结构不明显,或文后没有设计问题时,我们常会感到复述无从下手。对此,教师可设计一些与课文相关的问题来帮助学生复述课文。以牛津英语模块八Unit 2课文Turandot in Beijing为例:
   1.Why does the writer think that the Forbidden City is a good setting for Turandot?
   2.What kind of person is Turandot?
   3.What happened to the prince who could not answer the princess’s riddles?
   4.What does Calaf say will happen if Turandot can guess his name by sunset?
   5.What has Turandot’s father promised her?
   6.How many times will Turandot be staged in the Forbidden City?
   7.Who took part in this performance of Turandot?
   8.What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera?
   根据这些问题的答案,学生可以轻松地复述出课文的内容,避免了无话可说的尴尬。
   二、表格法
   在学习一些人物、事件、国家介绍时,信息多而复杂,图表罗列能够帮助学生降低复述的难度,学生根据表格能够很容易地回想起文章的内容,从而流利地用自己的话复述课文。
   三、时间先后顺序法
   有些课文涉及的时间太多,学生们在复述课文时不知从何说起,时间复述法能够很好地解决这一问题。以模块八第二单元Project的课文From jazz to pop第二个副标题From swing music to rock and roll为例,From the early 1930s to the early 1950s:
   (traditional jazz went into a bit of a decline and was replaced by swing )
  By 1949:
   (the start of a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, or R&B, had arisen as a kind of mixture of jazz and swing)
  During the 1950s:
   (R&B changed modern music further and led to what we know as rock and roll)
  In the 1930s:
   (Big Joe Turner started out performing with swing bands)
  In 1951:
   (Big Joe Turner released the very first rock and roll song called “Shake, Rattle and Roll”)
  In 1954:
   (Elvis Presley made his first music recording for Philips’ record company)
   先要学生根据课文内容填写,然后根据他们填写的答案进行复述,效果很好。
   四、文章结构归纳法
   有些文章结构层次清晰,条理清楚,只要对文章结构进行分析,并归纳出文章各部分大意和各段落大意,文章就能被很好地复述出来。
   五、人称替换法
   一些以人为主的记叙性文章,可以把主人公替换成学生,让他们讲自己的事,这样学生就感兴趣多了。(作者单位:常德市七中)